Which of the following describes a significant risk associated with chemotherapy?

The significant risk associated with chemotherapy is immunosuppression leading to increased infection risk. Chemotherapy drugs are designed to target rapidly dividing cells, which include not only cancer cells but also other healthy cells such as those in the bone marrow that produce blood cells. One of the consequences of this suppression is a decreased production of white blood cells, particularly neutrophils, which play a crucial role in the body’s immune response. As a result, patients undergoing chemotherapy may experience neutropenia, a condition characterized by a low white blood cell count. This heightened state of immunosuppression makes the patient more susceptible to infections, which can complicate treatment and recovery.

In contrast, the other options do not reflect typical effects associated with chemotherapy. Increased appetite, enhanced energy levels, and improved organ function are not common outcomes. In fact, chemotherapy often leads to decreased appetite, fatigue, and potential organ toxicity depending on the specific agents used and individual patient factors. Therefore, the correct answer highlights a crucial concern for healthcare providers and patients managing the side effects of chemotherapy.